Avaliação clínica e endoscópica em pacientes com sintomas gastroesofágicos / Clinical and endoscopic evaluation in patients with gastroesophageal symptoms

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: The gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is the most common esophageal disease in medical practice, and it is suspected according to patients' symptoms. GERD can be classified in erosive esophagitis (EE) according to the presence of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy findings. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate endoscopic findings in patients with symptoms suggestive of GERD comparing epicemiological and risk factors. METHODS: Upper endoscopy reports were examined retrospectively from patients with symptoms of GERD such as heartburn, regurgitation, cough, throat clearing, globus and chest pain. EE was determined based on Los Angeles classification. Comparisons between risk factors in EE and non-EE groups were done with statistical analysis. RESULTS: A total of 984 endoscopic reports were examined and 676 selected for analysis (281 with EE and 395 with non-EE form). Most were female 381 (56.36%) with a mean age of 44.01±15.40 years. Hiatal hernia was present in 47(6.96%) and smoking in 41(6.07%). Univariate logistic regression showed that male (OR=2.24, CI 95%, 1.63-3.06) and hiatal hernia (OR=4.52, CI 95%, 2.30-8.89) were independent predictors of erosions in the EE group. The presence of hiatal hernia (OR=12.04, CI 95%, 3.57-40.62), smoking (OR=8.46, CI 95%, 3.28-31.32) and aged patients (OR=8.01, CI 95%, 2.42-26.49) were also indicated as a risk factor for severe EE (grades C and D of Los Angeles). CONCLUSION Male gender and hiatal hernia were associated with EE. Aged patients, smoking and hiatal hernia were related to severe EE. It is suggested that the risk factors for EE and non-EE types are different. Cohort studies are necessary to identify the exact mechanisms involved in each disease form.

RESUMO CONTEXTO: A doença do refluxo gastroesofágico (DRGE) é uma das doenças digestivas mais comuns na prática médica e deve ser suspeitada de acordo com os seus sintomas clínicos, podendo ser classificada em esofagite erosiva (EE) de acordo com os achados de endoscopia. OBJETIVO: Avaliar os achados endoscópicos em pacientes com sintomas sugestivos de DGRE comparando fatores de risco e epidemiológicos. MÉTODOS: Resultados de endoscopias digestiva foram examinados retrospectivamente de pacientes com sintomas relacionados com DRGE como pirose, regurgitação, tosse, pigarro, globus e dor torácica. EE foi determinada de acordo com a classificação de Los Angeles. Comparação de fatores de risco entre os grupos EE e não-EE foram feitos com análise estatística. RESULTADOS: Um total de 984 endoscopias foram examinadas e 676 endoscopias selecionadas para análise (281 com EE e 395 sem EE). A maioria dos pacientes era do sexo feminino 381 (56,36%) com uma idade média de 44,01±15,40 anos. Hérnia hiatal esteve presente em 47 (6,96%) e tabagismo em 41 (6,07%). Regressão logística uni variada mostrou que sexo masculino (OR=2,24 - IC 95%: 1,63-3,06) e hérnia hiatal (OR=4,52 - CI 95%: 2,30-8,89) foram fatores de risco independentes de EE. A presença de hérnia hiatal (OR=12,04 - CI 95%: 3,57-40,62), tabagismo (OR=8,46 - CI 95%: 3,28-31,32) e pacientes idosos (OR=8,01 - CI 95%, 2,42-26,49) foram fatores de risco no grupo de EE grave (classes C e D de Los Angeles). CONCLUSÃO: Sexo masculino e hérnia hiatal foram associados com EE. Idade avançada, tabagismo e hérnia hiatal foram relacionados à forma grave de EE. É sugerido que os fatores de risco de pacientes com e sem EE sejam diferentes. Estudos de coorte são necessários para identificar os mecanismos exatos envolvidos em cada forma da doença.

Onabotulinumtoxin type A improves lower urinary tract symptoms and quality of life in patients with human T cell lymphotropic virus type 1 associated overactive bladder

ABSTRACT Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of the onabotulinum toxin type A in the treatment of HTLV-1 associated overactive bladder and its impact on quality of life (QoL). Methods: Case series with 10 patients with overactive bladder refractory to conservative treatment with anticholinergic or physical therapy. They received 200Ui of onabotulinumtoxin type A intravesically and were evaluated by overactive bladder symptoms score (OABSS) and King's Health Questionnaire. Results: The mean (SD) of the age was 52 + 14.5 years and 60% were female. All of them had confirmed detrusor overactivity on urodynamic study. Seven patients had HAM/TSP. The median and range of the OABSS was 13 (12-15) before therapy and decreased to 1.0 (0-12) on day 30 and to 03 (0-14) on day 90 (p < 0.0001). There was a significant improvement in 8 of the 9 domains of the King's Health Questionnaire after the intervention. Hematuria, urinary retention and urinary infection were the complications observed in 3 out of 10 patients. The mean time to request retreatment was 465 days. Conclusion: Onabotulinum toxin type A intravesically reduced the OABSS with last long effect and improved the quality of life of HTLV-1 infected patients with severe overactive bladder.

Neurological aspects of HTLV-1 infection in Bahia: results from an 8-year cohort / Aspectos neurológicos da infecção pelo HTLV-1 na Bahia: resultados de uma coorte de 8 anos

HTLV-1 is the causal agent of HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP), a disease observed in up to 5% of individuals infected with HTLV-1. However, infected individuals without the disease can present neurological complaints relating to sensory, motor or urinary manifestations. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of neurological manifestations among patients with HTLV-1. Method HTLV-1 patients in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, were enrolled into a cohort study. Results Among 414 subjects, 76 had definite and 87 had possible or probable HAM/TSP at the baseline, whereas 251 subjects had no neurological signs or symptoms. Definite HAM/TSP developed in 5 patients (1.74%). The asymptomatic subjects were selected for analysis. The incidence rate expressed per 1,000 persons-year was calculated. It was 206 for hand numbness, 129 for nocturia and 126 for urinary urgency. In the neurological examination, leg hyperreflexia presented an average incidence rate of 76; leg paraparesis, 52; and Babinski sign, 36. Kaplan-Meyer curves categorized according to gender and proviral load showed that females and patients with proviral load of more than 100,000 copies per 106 peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) presented higher risk. Conclusion Development of neurological symptoms or signs occurred in up to 30% of asymptomatic subjects ...

Association between urinary symptoms and quality of life in HTLV-1 infected subjects without myelopathy

Objective To investigate the relationship between urinary symptoms and quality of life of patients infected with HTLV-1. Materials and Methods This is a cross-sectional study that enrolled individuals with HTLV-1 positive serology from February 2010 to March 2011. Participants were HTLV-1 infected subjects followed in the HTLV-1 clinic of the University Hospital in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. Patients with HTLV-1 associated myelopathy / tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP), who had evidence of other neurological diseases, diabetes mellitus or were pregnant were excluded from the study. The questionnaire SF-36 was used to evaluate quality of life and the questionnaire OAB-V8 was used to evaluate urinary symptoms. Results From the 118 individuals evaluated, 50 (42.4%) complained of urinary symptoms and 68 (57.6%) did not. Most participants were females. There was no difference between the groups regarding demographic variables. The group with symptoms showed significantly lower scores in all domains of the SF-36 questionnaire. The domains with greatest differences were vitality and general health state. Conclusions Urinary symptoms negatively influence the quality of life of individuals infected with HTLV-1. .

Immunopathogenesis and neurological manifestations associated to HTLV-1 infection / Imunopatogênese e manifestações neurológicas associadas à infecção pelo HTLV-1

The human T lymphotropic virus type-1 (HTLV-1) was the first human retrovirus identified. The virus is transmitted through sexual intercourse, blood transfusion, sharing of contaminated needles or syringes and from mother to child, mainly through breastfeeding. In addition to the well-known association between HTLV-1 and HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP), several diseases and neurologic manifestations have been associated with the virus. This review was conducted through a PubMed search of the terms HTLV-1, immune response and neurological diseases. Emphasis was given to the most recent data regarding pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of HTLV-1 infection. The aim of the review is to analyze the immune response and the variety of neurological manifestations associated to HTLV-1 infection. A total of 102 articles were reviewed. The literature shows that a large percentage of HTLV-1 infected individuals have others neurological symptoms than HAM/TSP. Increased understanding of these numerous others clinical manifestations associated to the virus than adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) and HAM/TSP has challenged the view that HTLV-1 is a low morbidity infection.

O vírus linfotrópico de células T humanas do tipo 1 (HTLV-1) foi o primeiro retrovírus humano identificado. O vírus é transmitido via relação sexual, transfusão de sangue, compartilhamento de agulhas ou seringas contaminadas ou da mãe para o filho, principalmente através da amamentação. Além da conhecida associação entre o HTLV-1 e a mielopatia associada ao HTLV-1 (HAM/TSP), várias doenças e manifestações neurológicas tem sido associadas com o vírus. Esta revisão de literatura foi conduzida através de pesquisa ao banco de dados do PubMed, com os termos HTLV-1, resposta imune e doenças neurológicas. Foram enfatizados os dados mais recentes sobre a patogênese e às manifestações clínicas na infecção pelo HTLV-1. O objetivo dessa revisão é analisar a resposta imune e a variedade de manifestações neurológicas associadas com a infecção pelo HTLV-1. Um total de 102 artigos foi analisado. A literatura mostra que grande porcentagem de indivíduos infectados pelo HTLV-1 apresenta sintomas neurológicos mesmo na ausência de HAM/TSP. Uma maior compreensão das várias manifestações clínicas associadas ao vírus, além da leucemia/linfoma de células T do adulto (ATLL) e HAM/TSP, auxilia a estabelecer que, na realidade, a infecção pelo vírus possui uma morbidade maior do que se pensava.

Urinary tract infection in non-hospitalized patients with cirrhosis and no symptoms of urinary tract infection: a case series study

Bacterial infections are important factors in decompensation, and they increase the mortality rate of patients with liver cirrhosis. The most common infections among these patients are spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, pneumonia, skin infections and urinary tract infections (UTI). This transversal study evaluated the frequency of UTI in non-hospitalized patients with cirrhosis followed in a hepatology outpatient unit. Patients with clinical, laboratorial, echographic and/or histological diagnosis of cirrhosis were evaluated from April 2002 to August 2004. Patients who accepted participating in this study were submitted to clinical evaluation and the following laboratorial examinations: urine analysis, urine culture, blood culture and hepatic function tests. Patients with symptoms of UTI, diabetis, prostatic disease were excluded. Eighty-two patients with cirrhosis were studied. Their mean age was 51 years (SD = 11); 73 percent were male. Hepatitis C virus was the main etiology in 45 percent of the cases. The Child-Pugh B functional class was observed in 52 percent of the cases. Urine cultures were positive in 4.9 percent of these patients. In this study of non-hospitalized cirrhotic patients, with no symptoms of UTI, the frequency of urinary tract infection was approximately 5 percent. The bacteria found were E. coli and Klebsiella pneumonia. We conclude that it is necessary to screen for UTI in such patients.

Infecção do trato urinário em pacientes cirróticos: revisão sistemática da literatura / Urinary tract infection in cirrhotic patients: systematic review

Introdução: A infecção do trato urinário é uma complicação em pacientes com cirrose. Objetivo: Avaliar a freqüencia de infecção urinária em pacientes cirroticos. Metodologia: Revisão sistemática da literatura utilizando as bases de dados eletronicas (Medline, Embase, Lilacs e Cochrane), abrangendo o período de 1993 a 2004, incluíndo os estudos escritos em inglês, espanhol e português. Resultados: Foram recuperados 135 trabalhos, dos quais 11 estavam de acordo com a metodologia a que se propõe este estudo. A maioria dos casos descritos era de adultos com idade entre 45 e 61 anos, do gênero masculino, tendo o álcool implicado como acusador da cirrose na maioria dos artigos. As classificações de cirrose mais prevalentes segundoo critério Child foram de B e C, e a bactéria mais comum, a Escherichia coli. Conclusão: A maioria dos artigos recebeu classificações baixas quanto à avaliação, sendo demonstrado que não satisfizeram os critérios de sistematização das variáveis

Doença hidática policística: análise secundária de dados / Polycystic hYdatid disease: secondary data analysis

OBJETIVO: Rever, usando a metodologia de análise secundária de dados, os casos descritos de doença hidática policística (DHP) pelo Echinococcus vogeli, quanto às características clínico-epidemiológicas, de evolução e procedimentos terapêuticos. MÉTODO: Foram usados cinco bancos eletrônicos; anais de eventos científicos da área de Medicina Tropical; livros textos; consultas aos índices remissivos de revistas não-indexadas e a especialistas. As 52 variáveis estudadas foram categorizadas para cada caso de DHP e registradas em ficha-padrão. Somente foram incluídos os casos com comprovação histológica e/ou parasitológica do E. vogeli. RESULTADOS: Foram recuperados 131 trabalhos publicados e uma comunicação pessoal, sendo grande parte com somente um caso descrito, e entre estes apenas 17 (12,9 por cento) tinham casos com comprovação do agente etiológico, com um total de 44 pacientes: 52,3 por cento do sexo masculino; média de idade de 45,0 (± 16,7) anos; e 50 por cento descritos no Brasil. A presença de massas e a dor abdominal foram registradas em 94,7 por cento (18/19) e 92,6 por cento (25/27), respectivamente. Não houve diferença estatística (p>0,20) entre os resultados do tratamento clínico (albendazol) e cirúrgico, mas as freqüências de "sem êxito" foram, respectivamente, de 0 por cento e 28,6 por cento, e as de óbitos de 0 por cento e 21,4 por cento. CONCLUSÕES: A maioria dos trabalhos sobre a DHP não tem pacientes com comprovação etiológica e, conseqüentemente, é possível que parte do conhecimento clínico atual sofra mudanças significativas por investigações futuras. De outra parte, os dados levantados indicam que a melhor opção terapêutica, nos casos irressecáveis, é o uso de albendazol.

BACKGROUND: We reviewed, using secondary analysis, the described cases of Polycystic Hydatid Disease (PHD) by Echinococcus vogeli, addressing epidemiological and clinical characteristics, therapeutical evolution and procedures. METHODS: Five electronic banks, annals of scientific events, textbooks, remissive index, non-indexed magazines and specialists were consulted. The 52 variables studied had been categorized for each case of PHD and registered in a standard file. Only the cases with histological and/or parasitological evidence of E. vogeli had been enclosed. RESULTS: One hundred and thirty-one published works had been recouped and a personal communication. The majority presents, only a described case, and between them only 17 (12.9 percent) had evidence of the etiologic agent. In a total of 44 patients, 52.3 percent were males, mean age of 45.0 (±16,7) years, and 50 percent were described in Brazil. The presence of masses and abdominal pain had been registered in 94.7 percent (18/19) and 92.6 percent (25/27), respectively, with no statistica difference (p>0.20) in the clinical outcome with the clinical treatment (albendazol) versus the surgical one, but the frequencies of no success had been, respectively, 0 percent and 28.6 percent, and deaths of 0 percent and 21.4 percent. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of studies on PHD does not include patients with etiologic evidence and consequently is possible that part of the current clinical knowledge suffers significant changes for future inquiries. Nevertheless, the raised data indicate that the best therapeutical option, in the non surgical approach, the use of albendazol.

Prevalence of depression in different groups of inpatients at the University Hospital of Bahia, Brazil

INTRODUCTION: According to several epidemiological studies 10 percent to 20 percent of patients with medical diseases have depressive symptoms. However, only one third of these patients receive a diagnosis and 10 percent to 30 percent are adequately treated. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of depression in inpatients at the University Hospital of Bahia. METHOD: Adult inpatients admitted to the University Hospital of Bahia were randomly assigned in the different wards during the first semester of 2001, in order to answer the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). The sample was divided into patients with medical, surgical and neoplastic diseases. RESULTS: Among the 196 patients, with mean age of 46.3±14.9 years, from both genders, significantly higher BDI scores (p=0.03) were observed in patients with medical diseases compared with surgical patients and those with neoplastic diseases (16.4±11.7 vs. 12.2±6.5 and 11.8±8.0, respectively). After establishing cutoff scores for the BDI, the prevalence of depression was 51.5 percent (57.7 clinical vs. 42.9 surgical and 34.2 neoplastic) for scores ³14 and 24.5 percent (29.2 clinical vs. 9.5 surgical and 15.8 neoplastic) for scores ³21, being also more prevalent in clinical inpatients (p=0.03 and p=0.06). CONCLUSION: The high prevalence of depression in this study shows that more attention should be given to depressive symptoms observed in inpatients in general hospitals